Quote:I can't take you seriously because you don't even have a basic understanding of the science.


<a class="bbc_url" href='http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n5/abs/ngeo1767.html'>http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n5/abs/ngeo1767.html</a>


Accept and close | More info.

nature.com homepageLoginRegisterCart

Nature Geoscience

Search

Go

Menu

home archive issue letter abstract


NATURE GEOSCIENCE | LETTER

Print

Share/bookmark

Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion


R. Bintanja, G. J. van Oldenborgh, S. S. Drijfhout, B. Wouters & C. A. Katsman

AffiliationsContributionsCorresponding author

Nature Geoscience 6, 376–379 (2013) doi:10.1038/ngeo1767

Received 05 July 2012 Accepted 11 February 2013 Published online 31 March 2013

Article tools

Full text

Download PDF

Citation

Reprints

Rights & permissions

Article metrics

Changes in sea ice significantly modulate climate change because of its high reflective and strong insulating nature. In contrast to Arctic sea ice, sea ice surrounding Antarctica has expanded1, with record extent2 in 2010. This ice expansion has previously been attributed to dynamical atmospheric changes that induce atmospheric cooling3. Here we show that accelerated basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves is likely to have contributed significantly to sea-ice expansion. Specifically, we present observations indicating that melt water from Antarctica’s ice shelves accumulates in a cool and fresh surface layer that shields the surface ocean from the warmer deeper waters that are melting the ice shelves. Simulating these processes in a coupled climate model we find that cool and fresh surface water from ice-shelf melt indeed leads to expanding sea ice in austral autumn and winter. This powerful negative feedback counteracts Southern Hemispheric atmospheric warming. Although changes in atmospheric dynamics most likely govern regional sea-ice trends4, our analyses indicate that the overall sea-ice trend is dominated by increased ice-shelf melt. We suggest that cool sea surface temperatures around Antarctica could offset projected snowfall increases in Antarctica, with implications for estimates of future sea-level rise.