The basis of the German health insurance system is markedly di erent from Canada’s approach. Rather than relying on a tax-funded monopoly govern- ment insurer, the German system provides universal coverage through two insurance premium-funded systems1: a Social Health Insurance (SHI) sys- tem for all Germans and a Private Health Insurance (PHI) system that is an option for high-income and self-employed Germans (discussed below). Both systems are characterized by competition between independent statutory and private insurers (Germans have a choice of insurance company in both sectors), and competition between providers, alongside personal nancial responsibility for patients. ough important in terms of funding, regulation, and oversight, governments play little role in the direct delivery of health care.

<a class="bbc_url" href='https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/health-care-lessons-from-germany.pdf'>https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/health-care-lessons-from-germany.pdf</a>

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