Biography: 
Alexander Cartwright is often referred to as The Father of Modern baseball. Though the appellation may be an overstatement, Cartwright was a founding and influential member of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York City, baseball's first organized club. Cartwright likely played a key role in formalizing the first published rules of the game, including the concept of foul territory, the distance between bases, three-out innings, and the elimination of retiring baserunners by throwing batted baseballs at them.

 

http://baseballhall.org/hof/cartwright-alexander

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